Chief justice john marshall6/10/2023 ![]() ![]() The justices, when they met, were in the Old City Hall in Philadelphia and then the Capitol building’s basement in Washington. The early days of the Court were certainly low-key. The Act set the intial number of Supreme Court justices at six: one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. ![]() According to Article III, “The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.” The details of the Court’s composition and that of the lower courts were left to Congress, which debated the Judiciary Act for several months and passed the final measure on September 24, 1789. The Supreme Court itself was established as part of the Constitution. It was back on this day in 1789 that Congress passed the act that officially created the federal judiciary system that included the Supreme Court and other federal courts. ![]()
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